Alinor is a cardiovascular medication in the beta-blocker group of medicaments. It is primarily used to treat chest pains and hypertension. It is also useful in the prevention of myocardial infarctions and irregular heart beat episodes. Alinor works by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the heart's load in the process. It has also been used in treating migraine headaches and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Alinor works well because it does not risk the central nervous system with various side effects. It is available in 25, 50 and 100mg pills.

Alinor, available under brand name Tenormin, is prescribed to patients suffering from coronary heart disease, angina, arrhythmia and hypertension. It is also used to prevent and treat myocardial infarction or myocardial infarctions. It can also alleviate symptoms of Graves Disease until the effects of antithyroid medication kicks in. Alinor is also suitable to treat heart disorders in patients with extensive liver conditions as Alinor is filtered and excreted exclusively in the kidneys, which reduces the load on the liver.

For hypertension, patients may be initially given 25 to 50 mg per day, assuming they have unimpaired renal function. However, doctors will tend to give a lower dose initially and will gradually increase it each week, checking for responses. This can range from 20 to 200mg. For angina, 100mg is often quite sufficient.

Asthma patients receive the lowest dose possible as they are at risk of bronchospasms or tightening of the airways as a result of taking Alinor. Hexoprenaline or salbutamol may be used if this symptom occurs.

For those patients with renal function impairment, doses are altered based on the doctor's observations. For example, end-stage renal failure patients dependent on dialysis will often receive 50mg of Alinor after the dialysis session. They may suffer from severe hypotonia after taking the medication.

Alinor causes less side effects compared to other beta-blockers yet some users will still experience certain side effects. Common side effects include fatigue, dizziness, stomach pains and constipation, hair loss, sexual dysfunction, difficulty sleeping and a runny or clogged nose. These symptoms may or may not manifest but should they appear then consult your doctor.

More serious and rare side effects are hallucinations and visual distortion, tingling feeling in the hands and feet, low blood pressure, rashes and skin disorders, and difficulty in hearing or speaking. These are serious side effects and require urgent medical attention.

Many medicaments can react with Alinor and you should inform your doctor if you take allergy medication, MAO inhibitors, diabetes medication, and other cardiovascular medicaments. Sufferers of asthma should also inform their doctor so that their doses can be properly managed and tested.

Alinor can cause lessened activity and drowsiness so avoid doing work requiring full attention and avoid alcohol to prevent increased drowsiness.

This medication also passes through breast milk and may also affect fertility. Consult your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

• The adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla are often considered to be of similar function. However, both in structure and in function, these two structures are unique unto themselves. The adrenal medulla primarily secretes catecholamine hormones which are vital in the sympathetic actions of the autonomic nervous system. Corticosteroids are secreted by the adrenal cortex. These hormones are designed to regulate the balance of minerals, provide a balanced energy for human action, and have a significant role in the reproductive cycle.
• The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, can be located along the superior edges of the kidneys. The adrenal glands are literally encased by the muscles of the back, protected by the pad of fat that surrounds them, just as the kidneys. This makes them retroperitoneal. The two adrenal glands are formed in the shape of a pyramid. Each one measures about 2 inches in length and just over an inch wide, with a depth of only 10 millimeters. The outer layer, which is the adrenal cortex, covers the inner layer, which is the adrenal medulla. Each layer is a separate gland.
• The adrenal cortex is by far the largest portion of the gland, and in fact is determined in three subdivisions. The outer division, or “zone” is known as the zona glomerulosa. The inner division is known as the zona reticularis, and the middle zone is referred to as the zona fasciculata.
• Special cells know as chromaffin cells are tightly packed in small clusters to comprise the adrenal medulla. These clusters are situated appropriately around the blood vessels. Each individual cluster of packed cells is specifically autonomically innervated. The adrenal glands demand a high level of vascular supply, just as the entire endocrine system. To meet the excessive demands, there are three individual suprarenal arteries that maintain the blood supply to the adrenal glands. The first one is derived from a branch of the inferior phrenic artery. The second branches from the renal artery. The third artery is a branch directly from the aorta. The venous return from this high demand released from the right adrenal gland flows into the suprarenal vein and directly into inferior vena cava. The left adrenal gland flows back through the suprarenal vein and then into the left renal vein. Preganglionic neurons derived from the splanchnic nerves which innervate the adrenal glands along with the celiac fibers and the associated sympathetic plexus.